5 Examples of Proper Style for Proper Nouns

5 Examples of Proper Style for Proper Nouns 5 Examples of Proper Style for Proper Nouns 5 Examples of Proper Style for Proper Nouns By Mark Nichol A proper noun, also known as a proper name, is capitalized to indicate that it denotes a unique entity or phenomenon. Many entities or phenomena are widely known by their names. Sometimes, however, writers misunderstand or misrepresent the label. Here are five examples of proper nouns that illustrate the importance of verifying precise nomenclature and considering the context in which it is used. 1. Big Ben This is the official nickname, specifically, of the bell in the Elizabeth Tower, the iconic structure often used as a visual shortcut to identifying London in photographs, on television, and in films. (The tower, previously called simply the Clock Tower, was renamed in 2012 in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II’s reign.) However, popularly, the phrase generally refers to the clock in the tower or the tower itself. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention This US government agency’s official name is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but it retains the initials, CDC, of its previous designation, the Centers for Disease Control; note that the first word is plural. (A similar example is the name of the National Institutes not Institute of Health.) 3. Halley’s Comet The technical name for this peanut-shaped orbiting body roughly the size of a big-league Himalayan mountain is Comet Halley. (actually, 1P/Halley is its astronomy-catalog designation.) Because of its relative familiarity, however, due to unusually frequent reappearances (roughly every seventy-five years), it is also called Halley’s Comet. The traditional pronunciation among astronomers rhymes with alley, but, perhaps as a result of contamination from the name of the seminal rock-and-roll band Bill Haley and the Comets, most laypeople pronounce it to rhyme with daily. (No one knows how discoverer Edmund Halley pronounced his name, but I’d give the odds to the stargazers’ convention.) 4. New York The largest US city is popularly called New York (the official name is â€Å"the City of New York†), but writers should determine whether, depending on the context, it should be referred to as New York City to distinguish it from New York State. (In this designation, and in â€Å"Washington State† so as not to confuse the state with Washington, DC state is capitalized even though it’s not part of the state’s official name.) 5. Sierra Nevada The name of the mountain range forming the backbone of California a name shared by several other ranges throughout the world from the Spanish phrase meaning â€Å"snowy mountains,† should not be pluralized with the letter s, and â€Å"the Sierra Nevada Mountains† is partially redundant. (The same is true of the truncation â€Å"the Sierras†; call it â€Å"the Sierra.†) Many other geographical designations are redundant: Fujiyama translates as â€Å"Mount Fuji†; the words sahara, gobi, and negev all mean â€Å"desert†; and the first word in â€Å"Rio Grande,† as well as Avon and Don the names for rivers in England and Russia, respectively means â€Å"river.† Although it’s not wrong to use the word mount, desert, or river before or after the name of a geographic feature that means â€Å"mountain,† â€Å"desert,† or â€Å"river,† the common noun can often safely be omitted (for example, â€Å"Fujiyama,† â€Å"the Sahara,† and â€Å"the Rio Grande†). Note, too, that river, when it precedes a river’s name (for example, â€Å"the river Nile†), is always descriptive and not part of the name. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Glimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Standard English Definition and Examples

Standard English Definition and Examples Standard English is a controversial term for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users. Abbreviation: SE. Also known as  Standard Written English (SWE). According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), the term Standard English resists easy definition but is used as if most educated people nonetheless know precisely what it refers to. Examples and Observations The term Standard English refers to both an actual variety of language and an idealized norm of English acceptable in many social situations. As a language variety, Standard English is the language used in most public discourse and in the regular operation of American social institutions. The news media, the government, the legal profession, and the teachers in our schools and universities all view Standard English as their proper mode of communication, primarily in expository and argumentative writing, but also in public speaking.Standard English is thus different from what is normally thought of as speech in that Standard English must be taught, whereas children learn to speak naturally without being taught.(The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style. Houghton Mifflin, 2005We need to know Standard English, but we need to know it critically, analytically, and in the context of language history. We also need to understand the regularity of non-standard variants. If w e approach good and bad grammar in this way, the study of language will be a liberating factor- not merely freeing learners from socially stigmatized usage by replacing that usage with new linguistic manners, but educating people in what language and linguistic manners are all about.(Edwin L. Battistella, Bad Language: Are Some Words Better Than Others? Oxford University Press, 2005 Tacit Conventions of Usage [T]he conventions of linguistic usage are tacit. The rules of standard English are not legislated by a tribunal but emerge as an implicit consensus within a virtual community of writers, readers, and editors. That consensus can change over time in a process as unplanned and uncontrollable as the vagaries of fashion. No official ever decided that respectable men and women were permitted to doff their hats and gloves in the 1960s or to get pierced and tattooed in the 1990s- nor could any authority with powers short of Mao Zedong have stopped these changes. In a similar manner, centuries of respectable writers have shrugged off long-forgotten edicts by self-appointed guardians of the language, from Jonathan Swift’s denunciation of banter, mob, and sham to Strunk and White’s disparaging of to personalize, to contact, and six people (as opposed to six persons).(Steven Pinker, False Fronts in the Language Wars. Slate, May 31, 2012 The Convenience of Standard English [Standard English is that] particular variety of English which is regarded by educated people as appropriate for most types of public  discourse, including most broadcasting, almost all publication, and virtually all conversation with anyone other than intimates... Standard English is not entirely uniform around the globe: for example, American users of standard English say the first floor and Ive just gotten a letter and write center and color, while British users say ground floor and Ive just got a letter and write centre and colour. But these regional differences are few in comparison with the very high degree of agreement about which forms should count as standard. Nevertheless, standard English, like all living languages, changes over time...It is important to realize that standard English is in no way intrinsically superior to any other variety of English: in particular, it is not more logical, more grammatical, or more expressive. It is, at the bottom, a convenience: the use of a single agreed standard form, learned by speakers everywhere, minimizes uncertainty, confusion, misunderstanding, and communicative difficulty generally.(R.L. Trask, Dictionary of English Grammar. Penguin, 2000 Origins of Standard English By far the most influential factor in the rise of  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Standard English was the importance of London as the capital of England...London English took as well as gave. It began as a Southern and ended as a Midland dialect. By the 15th century, there had come to prevail in the East Midlands a fairly uniform dialect, and the language of London agrees in all important respects with it. We can hardly doubt that the importance of the eastern counties...is largely responsible for this change. Even such Northern characteristics as are found in the standard speech seem to have entered by way of these counties. The history of Standard English is almost a history of London English. (Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable, A History of the English Language, 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2002)Half-way through the 17th century, the lexicographer Thomas Blount declares that the Babel of the vernacular made England a self-stranger nation- one growing alien to itself through this diversity of available forms . He dedicates his dictionary of 1656 to the cause of having English Englished. Arguably, in this context, it is not the rise of a standard variety of language, but a new awareness of dialect and variability of discourse- the self-stranger English of the Renaissance- that best defines the linguistic culture of early modern England. (Paula Blank, The Babel of Renaissance English. The Oxford History of English, ed. by Lynda Mugglestone. Oxford University Press, 2006 Varieties of Standard English [T]here is no such thing (at present) as a Standard English which is not British or American or Australian, etc. There is no International Standard (yet), in the sense that publishers cannot currently aim at a standard which is not locally bound.(Gunnel Melchers and Philip Shaw, World Englishes: An Introduction. Arnold, 2003)

Management(various non-typical intangible assets which can help a Essay

Management(various non-typical intangible assets which can help a manager) - Essay Example It can be noticed that intangible assets of an organization are not things which can be acquired or bought but are rather developed. These are a set of instructions, knowledge etc which along with the tangible assets of the organization, help in running the organization and completing day to day activities. Intangible assets bring a new configuration of the things making it more valuable and accessible. Apart from all the above mentioned intangible resources this paper will discuss managerial intangible resources which a manager draws upon to fulfil his role. This paper discusses and evaluated how intangible resources can be used to legitimise management authority in organizations. In order to do so, the paper describes what intangible assets are and what management is. Later, it discusses what is meant by management and what the connection between management authority and intangible assets is. Management is an art. It is an art of planning, organizing, directing and monitoring. It is an art of managing people. It is also science. Science is how you mange to do all this. It can also be said as an act of directing, controlling, coordinating and harmonizing people towards the accomplishment of a goal. It also comprises of deployment and proper use of human resources, technological resources and financial resources. Those people or groups of people who manage these things are the management. In the late seventies an... Science is how you mange to do all this. It can also be said as an act of directing, controlling, coordinating and harmonizing people towards the accomplishment of a goal. It also comprises of deployment and proper use of human resources, technological resources and financial resources. Those people or groups of people who manage these things are the management. In the late seventies and eighties management was considered as an engineering. Any company was considered as a machine, the managers were the operators and the workers, merely pawns. Today management has a whole new concept (McCrimmon: 2007, n.p). The efficiency in the workers reflects the efficiency of the manager. If the manager is incompetent then the efficiency of the workers does not change, rather in some cases it goes down. Managers take responsibility of what they do. They are creative and analyzing. Managers discover what is unique about a person and then use his unique quality to achieve their goals. The job of a manager is to achieve performance using a person's talent (Buckingham, n.p. 2005). However, in order for the manager to do his job, it is very important for him to have some authority over his employees. This authority is not only given to him by the higher management when he is hired, he also makes use of intangible assets and resources to legitimise this authori ty such as skills and knowledge. A manager has a bird's eye view of the entire system and the entire organization. He is the one who makes use of this knowledge and expertise to not only take strategic decisions, but also prove that he is capable for this position (Buckingham, n.p. 2005). An important part of intangible assets which a manger makes use of is leadership qualities which help him legitimise authority in

Social work- serious case review practice issues Essay

Social work- serious case review practice issues - Essay Example ppened, it would also be that such events occurred because these guardians themselves were mentally-incapacitated to provide comfort and support to the children (Lyons-Ruth, et al., 2004, p.70). In this regard other agencies could have mitigated the effects of the debilitation of the parents or caregivers of children, by having them assess the capability of these adults to provide care and support (Phillips, 1997, p.609). Most often agencies such as social welfare, schools, health practitioners and other authorities are able to give provide the necessary assistance to children in high-risk families or neighbourhoods, and the help are able to give positive results, especially when the children in question are provided with proper medical attention as well as psychiatric counselling (Faver, et al., 1999, p.90). However, there are also times when these same agencies are unable to work together in solving cases of child maltreatment or neglect, especially when the parents or guardians involved are rather resistant to any outside help, which could result to the children getting injured or even ending up dead (Rzepnicki & Johnson, 2005, p.393; Wulczyn, et al., 2010, p.5). Such events are likely to be the result of the miscommunications or the lack of correspondence among agencies, as well as not understanding how the interrelationships between welfare agencies could prevent occurrences of children getting injured inside the home. Such a case has been documented by the Birmingham Safeguarding Children Board, when a child in a rather problematic family died due to onset of infections that were attributed to lack of proper nourishment, among other things (Radford, 2010, p.5). In hindsight, the problem could have been alleviated if the agencies which were attending the family were much more proactive in truly finding out the state of the family, as well as the ability of the mother and the partner adult to care for the children. However, the communication gaps between the

jack the ripper Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started in the East End of London in 1888, from August 7 till November 10. All killings occurred within one mile area and involved the districts of Whitechapel, Spitalfields, Aldgate, and the city of London proper. The man I am referring to is no other then the notorious Jack the Ripper, the Whitechapel, or the Leather Apron.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack the Ripper is significant and popular, not just because he was a serial killer, but because he was the first to appear in a large metropolis at the time when the general puplic had become literate and the press was a force for social change. The Ripper appeared when there was a tremendous political turmoil and both liberals and social reformers, also the Irish Home rule partisans tried to use the crimes for their own ends. Its hard to believe that this has only happened twelve years ago. Everyday there would be an editorial or a chronicle in the newspaper about the activities of the Ripper or the police. Many of you remember this and reading about the Ripper and know what I am talking about. The press was a big part of the whole case because we informed the public of the killings and it seemed that this was all new to everyone only because it was the most publicized case. This type of thing has happened before, but no one knew about it and now you know the real world. The press had created the â€Å"boogey man† and many myths and puzzles for the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Accounting Information Systems Solution Trial Exam

Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 20 employees? 1) _______ A) represented within each major division of the company B) as departments within each functional area C) as a separate, centralized department D) none of the above 2) Decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance are best suited to which type of system? 2) ______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 3) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called 3) _______ A) an extranet. B) an intranet. C) e-business. D) e-commerce. 4) ________ uses a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of the customer relationship. 4) _______ A) MIS B) CLE C) CRM D) CLU 5) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients' continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of the firm's branches.What system will best serve these needs? 5) _______ A) an extranet with KMS capabilities B) a CRM C) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) an intranet with KMS capabilities 6) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records? 6) _______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 7) The Smart Site Solution system used by Johnny's Lunch to help identify the best locations to open new franchises is best categorized as a 7) _______ A) POS system B) KMS C) CRM D) DSS 8)Which of the following occupations would NOT be categorized as an â€Å"interaction† job? 8) _______ A) engineer B) business manager C) operations manager D) sales representative 9) The CPO is responsible for 9) _______ A) overseeing the use of information technology in the firm. B) making better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes. C) ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws. D) enforcing the firm's information security policy. 10) Decision-support systems are often referred to as business ________ systems. 0) ______ A) analysis B) intelligence C) information D) modeling 11) An information system for ________ would NOT be categorized as a KMS. 11) ______ A) distributing documents B) documenting the expertise of company specialists C) discovering new sales channels for a product D) enabling the discovery of new product applications 12) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? 12) ______ A) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) ncreasing speed of communicating D) enabling cost-effective e-business processes 13) The principal liaison between the infor mation systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n) 13) ______ A) CTO. B) systems analyst. C) programmer. D) information systems manager. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 14) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce. 14) _____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T' if the statement is true and ‘F' if the statement is false. 5) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems. 15) ______ 16) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance. 16) ______ 17) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization. 17) ______ 18) Operational management is responsible for directing the day-to-day operations of the business and therefore needs transaction-level information. 18) ______ 19) Decision-support systems use internal information as well as informati on from external sources. 19) ______ Accounting Information Systems Solution Trial Exam Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 20 employees? 1) _______ A) represented within each major division of the company B) as departments within each functional area C) as a separate, centralized department D) none of the above 2) Decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance are best suited to which type of system? 2) ______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 3) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called 3) _______ A) an extranet. B) an intranet. C) e-business. D) e-commerce. 4) ________ uses a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of the customer relationship. 4) _______ A) MIS B) CLE C) CRM D) CLU 5) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients' continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of the firm's branches.What system will best serve these needs? 5) _______ A) an extranet with KMS capabilities B) a CRM C) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) an intranet with KMS capabilities 6) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records? 6) _______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 7) The Smart Site Solution system used by Johnny's Lunch to help identify the best locations to open new franchises is best categorized as a 7) _______ A) POS system B) KMS C) CRM D) DSS 8)Which of the following occupations would NOT be categorized as an â€Å"interaction† job? 8) _______ A) engineer B) business manager C) operations manager D) sales representative 9) The CPO is responsible for 9) _______ A) overseeing the use of information technology in the firm. B) making better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes. C) ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws. D) enforcing the firm's information security policy. 10) Decision-support systems are often referred to as business ________ systems. 0) ______ A) analysis B) intelligence C) information D) modeling 11) An information system for ________ would NOT be categorized as a KMS. 11) ______ A) distributing documents B) documenting the expertise of company specialists C) discovering new sales channels for a product D) enabling the discovery of new product applications 12) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? 12) ______ A) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) ncreasing speed of communicating D) enabling cost-effective e-business processes 13) The principal liaison between the infor mation systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n) 13) ______ A) CTO. B) systems analyst. C) programmer. D) information systems manager. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 14) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce. 14) _____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T' if the statement is true and ‘F' if the statement is false. 5) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems. 15) ______ 16) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance. 16) ______ 17) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization. 17) ______ 18) Operational management is responsible for directing the day-to-day operations of the business and therefore needs transaction-level information. 18) ______ 19) Decision-support systems use internal information as well as informati on from external sources. 19) ______

My Time At Plateau Asset Management - 1223 Words

Lessons Learned/ Anomalies: Although many analyst internship positions are individually focused, I found my time at Plateau Asset Management to be more team focused. Therefore, I learned many lessons regarding team work and communication. †¢ Speaking Fast: In the initial Friday group meetings I found myself never allowing the other analysts to digest the material that I was explain. Musa pointed this out to me half way through the internship and told me slow down and ask questions to make sure your listeners understand what you are explaining. This became important when I began to mentor new inters because it was necessary that they retained the information that I was explaining during our time together. †¢ Listening: Musa believed that I was a good listening, however that I could improve. Musa stated, â€Å"Always listen to respond†, when ‘listening to respond’ you absorb what the speaker is saying before responding. †¢ Working as a Minority: The fact that I was a minority in the team of 5 analysts did not come to my attention until the end of my internship period. Musa and I found this strange because a vast majority of the financial industry is Caucasian males, however even though this internship is in financial industry I was the only white Caucasian male intern; we furthered our study and found out that I was the only white Caucasian male to even apply for the position. We thought maybe this was because the internship was virtual. †¢ Section 3. Observations about theShow MoreRelatedWhat Do You See As Tullow s Particular Strengths As An Investment?1165 Words   |  5 Pagesvery simple business. I m just saying that, and I don t know if people would call that a strength, but I think it is a strength. It is totally understandable. 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